What is the FCS?
In short, it is considered the second level of college football. For the longer story…
In 1978, the NCAA split the Division I football programs in two. In a stroke of originality, the NCAA named the two Division I-A and Division I-AA. Those names remained until 2006 when the NCAA decided to rename them FBS and FCS.
FBS = Football Bowl Subdivision
FCS = Football Championship Subdivision
There are different requirements to be part of the FBS. As of October 2023, FBS programs need to sponsor 16 athletic teams and offer $6 million in athletic scholarships with a minimum of 210 scholarships. The FBS has a maximum of 85 scholarships allocated to its football team, and at least 90% of the funding must be provided over a two-year rolling period. The NCAA removed the home attendance requirement of 15,000 over a continuous two-year period in October 2023.
For the FCS, the requirements are not as stringent, with FCS programs previously allowed to provide a maximum of 63 full scholarships. This changed in the House settlement, which now allows FCS teams to offer as many as 105 scholarships, although this doesn’t happen in practice due to fewer resources. FCS teams do not have home attendance requirements and the FBS no longer does as of October 2023, when the NCAA revised the FBS requirements. Two FCS conferences – the Ivy League and Pioneer Football League – do not offer scholarships to players, while the Northeast Conference and Patriot League have members that offer fewer than the previous maximum of 63 scholarships.
Are there any other differences?
The FCS has a 24-team single-elimination playoff each season to determine its national champion, while the FBS has a 4-team playoff and an expanded 12-team playoff beginning in 2024. The key here is the NCAA organizes the FCS Playoff; however, they do not organize the FBS Playoff and therefore do not officially recognize the FBS Playoff champions. (They “delegate” that task to what they refer to as “major selectors” from page 112 of the 2022 FBS Records). The FBS also has a plethora of bowl games, hence the “Bowl Subdivision” designation. The FCS currently has one bowl game: the Celebration Bowl between the MEAC and SWAC champions that determines the Historical Black College and Universities National Champion.
Current FCS teams typically need an invitation from an FBS conference in order to join the FBS. However, Liberty’s transition in 2018 proved that a waiver may be granted in some circumstances, although the October 2023 requirements were put in place to stem the flow of teams into the FCS. Liberty joined Conference USA in 2023.
Oh, so this is the place where I see teams compete to play in the yearly Dakota Invitational?
Since 2011… pretty much. There’s no denying the incredible dominance of the North Dakota State Bison in the last decade or so. While South Dakota State took up the Bison’s mantle with three straight FCS title game appearances from 2021 through 2023, the FCS is a great source of talent and football. Current FBS teams Appalachian State, Boise State, Delaware, Georgia Southern, Louisiana Monroe, Marshall, Massachusetts, Sam Houston State, and Western Kentucky all previously cut their teeth at the FCS level and captured a national championship before making the jump. There’s a whole section of this website dedicated to the FCS Playoff History.
There is also the FCS over FBS upset that has become more common and a wonderful talking point on social media. FCS teams are not pushovers and the name on the jersey does not have to say, “North Dakota State” or “Bison.” In 2022, nearly 200 FCS players made a roster in the NFL, which isn’t bad for a division that gets only a fraction of the media attention as the FBS. The ubiquity of streaming has helped FCS athletes find another way to gain exposure for the NFL in a way that wasn’t as simple 15 or 20 years ago.
I’m interested in learning more. What other information should I know?
Other random tidbits to keep in mind: Not all conference champions participate in the FCS playoffs. The Ivy League abstained from the FCS playoffs from 1982 through 2024, citing “academic concerns,” but reversed the policy starting with the 2025 season. The MEAC and SWAC Champions abstain from the FCS Playoffs to play in the Celebration Bowl, but any MEAC or SWAC team that is selected for an at-large berth to the FCS playoffs is allowed to participate. FCS playoffs typically commence on Thanksgiving weekend to give us all even more to feast on. The FCS Championship is currently played in January, with Nashville, Tennessee, hosting its first title game in January 2026.
As of the 2026 season, the FCS has 129 teams from 13 conferences, with all of them listed below. A complete list of teams and conferences, including links to each program and conference website, can be found here. There are also separate pages featuring additional information on former FCS teams and previous FCS conferences.